![]() ▸ Civilians ▸ Distinctive (or protective) emblems, signs, and signals ▸ Human shields ▸ Humanitarian and relief personnel ▸ Medical duties ▸ Protected objects and property ▸ Protected persons Attacks on demilitarized or neutral zones and undefended places (GCIV Art.Attacks on medical units and personnel (GCI Art.Humanitarian law defines the distinctive emblems and signs that must be used to signal the presence of such protected objects. Attacks against civilian and cultural objects and property, places of worship, objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, and works or installations containing dangerous forces that may cause damage to the natural environment and hence prejudice the health or survival of the population (API Arts. ![]() The corollary to this is that parties to the conflict may not direct the movement of civilians in order to attempt to shield military objectives from attacks or to protect military operations, nor may they use the presence of a protected person to render certain points immune from military operations (GCIV Art. Attacks against civilians by way of reprisals (API Art.Attacks against the civilian population as such, and acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of which is to spread terror among the civilian population (API Art.This stems from the principle of distinction. It forbids intentionally launching attacks and reprisals against them. International humanitarian law clearly defines the persons and objects that must be protected in times of armed conflict, both international and internal.
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